Natural selection can lead to speciation, where one species gives rise to a new and distinctly different species. Through this process of natural selection, favorable traits are transmitted through generations. Over time, these advantageous traits become more common in the population. These individuals then pass the adaptive traits on to their offspring. Individuals with adaptive traits-traits that give them some advantage-are more likely to survive and reproduce. This variation means that some individuals have traits better suited to the environment than others. Individuals in a population are naturally variable, meaning that they are all different in some ways. Natural selection is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change. In 1859, he brought the idea of natural selection to the attention of the world in his best-selling book, On the Origin of Species. English naturalist Charles Darwin developed the idea of natural selection after a five-year voyage to study plants, animals, and fossils in South America and on islands in the Pacific.
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